Injury or degeneration of our musculoskeletal system can cause pain, and loss of function, and prevent us from performing the activities we enjoy. HMI Medical Centre’s one stop orthopaedic centre, comprises The Orthopaedic Practice & Surgery & Get Moving Physiotherapy. 

Orthopaedic

The knee anterior cruciate ligament is the most important ligament of the knee to keep the knee stable. ACL injury is the most common knee injury, accounting for more than half of all knee injuries. The ACL is important in maintaining stability of the knee and also protecting other structures from further injuries. Common symptoms of ACL include; knee pain, knee swelling and knee instability (buckling). If you've experienced such symptoms, stop and rest and confirm the diagnosis with same-day MRI scan. You may need physiotherapy and anti-inflammatory medications. If the condition is serious, a knee arthroscopic (key hole) ACL reconstruction using either autograft or allograft may be required.


Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury (“ACL Injury”)

The meniscus is a fibroelastic tissue in the knee that serves as a shock absorbent in between the thigh and calf bone as we walk or run. The meniscus can be damaged during sporting activities such as twisting injuries. It is important to preserve the meniscus to avoid developing early osteoarthritis of the knee. Common symptoms includes; knee pain, knee swelling, locking and clicking of the knee.


Knee meniscus injury

Knee osteoarthritis is degenerative joint condition where there is a thinning of the cartilage. Knee osteoarthritis is most commonly cause by wear and tear with aging. Knee osteoarthritis can also affect younger patients who have undergone knee surgeries or sustained severe knee injuries. Knee osteoarthritis causes knee pain, swelling, stiffness and deformity. Many individuals eventually have to rely on medications for pain control or walking aids for mobility if the condition is left untreated. Common symptoms includes; knee pain, knee stiffness, knee swelling, knee deformity and knee crepitus (noise on bending and straightening the knee).


Knee osteoarthritis

Hip osteoarthritis is less common than knee osteoarthritis in Singapore. Nevertheless, it can cause severe pain and stiffness, affecting one’s quality of life. Hip osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition whereby there is thinning of the cartilage. Hip osteoarthritis is most commonly cause by wear and tear with aging. Hip osteoarthritis can also affect younger patient who has avascular necrosis of the hip (caused by alcohol, smoking, previous fracture etc), hip dysplasia (developmental problem of the hip) or previous hip injury. Hip osteoarthritis will affect mobility if left untreated. Common symptoms include; hip pain (localised to groin), hip stiffness (e.g. unable to wear socks) and referred pain to knee.


Hip osteoarthritis

Most commonly affects the lower back (lumbar spine). 95% involved lumbar 4/5 or lumbar 5/sacral1. The highest incidence for this condition is among patients who are in their 40s and 50s. Males are affected 3 times more than females. The slipped disc can cause nerve irritation, leading to pain, numbness, pins and needles or weakness over the lower limbs.
Common symptoms includes; mechanical low back pain, low back pain worse on bending forward, lower limbs symptoms (nerve irritation), numbness, pins and needle.


Slipped disc

A tennis or golfer’s elbow is the inflammation of a tendon causing pain and swelling around the elbow. This is typically caused by excess or repetitive motions of the wrist or arm from sports, weight training or occupational movements. In tennis elbow, inflammation occurs on the outer part of the elbow, while in a golfer’s elbow, inflammation occurs at the inner aspect of the elbow. Common symptoms includes; pain at the elbow which worsens with certain movements, difficulty gripping or lifting items, stiffness in the elbow and weakness in the hands and wrists.



Tennis elbow / Golfer’s elbow

A rotator cuff is an injury to the group of muscles and tendons that keep the upper arm bone firmly in the shoulder socket. A rotator cuff injury may occur from a single injury or as a result of degeneration due to repetitive movement or aging. A rotator cuff injury may lead to frozen shoulder, a disorder that causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder. Common symptoms include; pain in shoulder when lying on the affected side, pain or weakness when lifting or rotating arm and crackling sensation when moving shoulders.


Rotator cuff injury

A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches the muscle to the bone. Tendon injury can occur from repetitive movement or motion from a job, sport, or daily activity. This results in gradual wear and tear to the tendon, causing pain, stiffness and swelling near the injured joint.

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