Debunking Common Myths About Atopic Eczema (Dermatitis)
Medically reviewed and written by Dr Kok Wai Leong
10 September 2024
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In conjunction with World Atopic Eczema Day, we have prepared this special article to provide our readers with a deeper understanding of eczema. Eczema is more than just a skin issue, it can significantly impact daily life, both physically and emotionally. Let’s explore the causes, symptoms and misconceptions along with treatments available in the article below.
What is Atopic Eczema?
Eczema refers to a group of skin disorders that produce inflammation, irritation, and itching. There are several forms of eczema, including atopic eczema, asteatotic eczema, contact dermatitis and more.
Atopic eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is one of the most prevalent types of eczema. It is often a chronic (long-lasting) disorder that is characterised by periods of flare-ups.
Atopic eczema is a condition which presents with recurrent and severe itch, as well as dry skin. The term atopic refers to the tendency to have an allergic hypersensitivity reaction to a trigger. Atopic eczema has also been linked to various atopic disorders, including allergic rhinitis, food allergies, and asthma.

What are the symptoms?
The signs of atopic eczema can differ greatly from person to person and can occur anywhere on the body. They may include:
- Skin that is dry and cracked
- Itch
- Raised red rashes
- Small, raised bumps
- Oozing and crusting skin
- Thickened skin
- Raw, sensitive skin from scratching
Here are some common myths about eczema, along with the facts from Dr Kok Wai Leong, Dermatologist at HMI Medical Centre, that debunk these misconceptions.
Myths
- Eczema is just a skin rash.
Fact: Atopic eczema, the most common form of eczema, can be a systemic disease. It has been found to be associated with mental health problems like sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression. More recently, research has shown that the more severe form of disease is also linked with the development of diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. - Eczema is caused by poor hygiene.
Fact: There are many factors that contribute to eczema, including genes and environmental triggers. While many people may find that their condition is worse with exercise and sweating, it is because these are known triggers of the condition, often known as contact dermatitis. Eczema is not a result of dirt or improper hygiene practices. - Eczema is contagious.
Fact: Eczema is not infectious and cannot spread from one person to another. Physical contact with an affected person will not result in transmission. - Only children get eczema.
Fact: While atopic eczema can start in childhood, it is also possible for the condition to manifest only in adulthood, in a form called adult-onset atopic eczema. In Singapore, about 10% of young adults have the condition. - Eczema is caused by allergies.
Fact: Atopic eczema is linked to a group of conditions which cause atopy and allergies. It is commonly reported in children with atopic eczema to have food allergies. In addition, contact allergies to products, also occur more frequently in those afflicted.

What are some treatments available?
- Topical treatments: Corticosteroids and non-steroidal creams
There are many different types of topical agents that are used to treat eczema. There are steroid and non-steroidal options, which can be utilised depending on your condition. - Moisturisers and skincare routines
Gentle soaps and regular application of moisturisers are important as daily care for eczema skin. This is important even without active flares. It is therefore necessary to set aside time, and work this into your daily routine. - Systemic treatments for severe cases
Treatment of atopic eczema is in an exciting era. There are many new treatment options that are now available to manage moderate to severe cases, including oral medications (i.e. JAK inhibitors like abrocitinib, upadacitinib and baricitinib) and injections (i.e. biologic agents like dupilumab). - Importance of avoiding known triggers and maintaining a consistent skincare regimen
Ultimately, it is still vital to understand what the triggers are specific to you, as this differs from person to person. A regular treatment plan, customised to your condition is also required to help effectively manage your skin. The most critical factor is that to follow the management plan, so as to see improvement and control of your condition.
To ensure the most effective and safe management of atopic eczema, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional, rather than relying on over-the-counter or unverified steroid creams from external sources. Professional guidance ensures that you receive a tailored treatment plan that addresses your specific needs and avoids potential risks associated with improper use of medications.
If you or someone needs help in managing these symptoms, schedule an appointment with Dr Kok, our Dermatologist here.

Dr Kok Wai Leong is an accredited dermatologist with a special interest in eczema, psoriasis, photodermatology and skin cancers.