Prioritising colorectal health: what you should know about prevention and screening

Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common cancers in Singapore, affecting both men and women. Yet, it is also one of the most preventable.

That contrast matters. In many cases, what makes the difference is not treatment, but timing.

Drawing from insights shared by Dr Calvin Jianming Ong, visiting colorectal surgeon at HMI Medical Centre, here is what you need to know about protecting your colorectal health.

The lifetime risk in Singapore is approximately 1 in 23 for men and 1 in 34 for women. While these figures are significant, they do not reflect the full picture.

While most cases are diagnosed in individuals over the age of 50, medical data from the Singapore Cancer Society indicates a rising trend in cases among those under 45. This trend underscores the need for heightened awareness across all age groups.

Colorectal cancer often develops from small growths in the colon known as polyps. These are usually non-cancerous at the start, but over time, some can develop into cancer. Detecting and removing these early can prevent cancer from forming.

This is why colorectal cancer is considered one of the most preventable cancers with appropriate screening.

One of the biggest risks is waiting for symptoms.

Early-stage colorectal cancer often does not cause noticeable symptoms. Signs such as rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained fatigue typically appear later in the disease.

As a result, relying on symptoms is not a reliable way to detect colorectal cancer early. Screening plays a critical role because it can identify changes before symptoms develop.

There are different screening tools available, including the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), which can detect hidden blood in the stool. FIT is commonly used as a first-line screening tool.

A colonoscopy provides a more comprehensive assessment. It allows the doctor to examine the entire colon and remove polyps during the same procedure.

Colonoscopy is typically performed as a day procedure under sedation and is generally well tolerated. By detecting and removing polyps early, it can significantly reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.

Screening is the most effective safeguard, but lifestyle factors also influence risk.

Diets high in red and processed meats, low physical activity levels, excess weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption have all been associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer.

Adopting a balanced diet, staying physically active, and maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce risk over time.

Start screening at the right time
For individuals aged 50 and above, regular screening is recommended. Those with higher risk factors, such as a family history of colorectal cancer or certain medical conditions, may need to begin earlier after consulting a doctor.

Pay attention to changes
Persistent changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, or ongoing fatigue should be evaluated by a doctor.

Make sustainable lifestyle changes
Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and maintaining a healthy weight can support long-term colorectal health.

Most colorectal cancers develop gradually and can be detected early or prevented through appropriate screening.

If you are unsure when to start screening or which option is suitable for you, speaking with a doctor is a good first step.

Book a consultation with our team for personalised advice, or to learn more about colonoscopy screening.